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Bouledogue français: un des meilleurs chiens pour la famille! Si vous avez déjà vu un bouledogue s’ébattre joyeusement avec des enfants ou se pelotonner près de son vieux maître, vous aurez du mal à croire qu’il y a seulement 150 ans, ses ancêtres étaient spécialisés en Angleterre dans les combats de taureaux, d’où son nom anglais de  Bulldog  ou chien-taureau. Le bouledogue britannique, plus robuste que celui-ci, était élevé pour sa combativité et son courage. Ses prouesses sanglantes contre les taureaux ravissaient les spectateurs. Quand les passementiers britanniques déménagèrent en France vers 1850, ils emmenèrent leurs bulldogs. Mélangés à d’autres races de chiens, ils devinrent plus petits et donnèrent le bouledogue français, plus docile. Cette bête musclée se révèle un chien d’agrément idéal pour toute la famille. Il a besoin qu’on l’aime et s’adapte parfaitement aux gens avec lesquels il vit. Les enfants aiment son énergie au jeu, tandis que les personnes âgées sont ré...

  Bees Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea. They are presently considered a clade, called Anthophila. There are over 16,000 known species of bees in seven recognized biological families. to Megachile pluto, the largest species of leafcutter bee, whose females can attain a length of. Bees feed on nectar and pollen, the former primarily as an energy source and the latter primarily for protein and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for their larvae. Vertebrate predators of bees include primates and birds such as bee-eaters; insect predators include beewolves and dragonflies. Bee pollination is important both ecologically and commercially, and the decline in wild bees has increased the value of pollination by commercially managed hives of honey bees. The analysis of...

 Snakes  Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes. Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads. To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have evolved elongate bodies without limbs or with greatly reduced limbs about twenty-five times independently via convergent evolution, leading to many lineages of legless lizards. These resemble snakes, but several common groups of legless lizards have eyelids and external ears, which snakes lack, although this rule is not universal. Living snakes are found on every continent except Ant...

Fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Around 99% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with over 95% belonging to the teleost subgrouping. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods. Most fish are ectothermic, allo...

 Reptiles  Reptiles, as most commonly defined, are the animals in the class Reptilia, a paraphyletic grouping comprising all sauropsid amniotes except Aves. In addition to the living reptiles, many diverse groups are now extinct, in some cases due to mass extinction events. In particular, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event wiped out the pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, and all non-avian dinosaurs alongside many species of crocodyliforms, and squamates. Modern non-bird reptiles inhabit all the continents except Antarctica. Reptiles are tetrapod vertebrates, creatures that either has four limbs or, like snakes, are descended from four-limbed ancestors. Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have an aquatic larval stage. Most reptiles are oviparous, although several species of squamates are viviparous, as were some extinct aquatic clades – the fetus develops within the mother, using a placenta rather than contained in an eggshell. As amniotes, reptile eggs are surrounded by...